Back in Time: The Comprehension Approach

In the ever-evolving world of language teaching, different approaches have emerged, each with its own philosophy. Today, we’re diving into the Comprehension Approach, a method that emphasizes understanding language as the primary driver of acquisition.

What is the Comprehension Approach?

The Comprehension Approach stems from the work of Stephen Krashen and James J. Asher. The core idea is that students learn a language most effectively when they receive comprehensible input. In other words, learning happens when students understand the language they are exposed to. This mirrors how children learn their first language – by being immersed in language they gradually understand.

James Asher put this theory into practice by developing Total Physical Response (TPR).

Key Principles of the Comprehension Approach

Comprehensible Input is Key: The focus is on providing language input that students can understand, even if it’s slightly above their current level.
Lowering the Affective Filter: Creating a relaxed and supportive learning environment is crucial. When students feel less anxious, they are more receptive to learning.
The “Silent Period”: Learners are given time to process the language before they are expected to speak. This silent period allows them to build confidence and internalize the language at their own pace.
Realia and Physical Actions: Using real objects (realia) and actions to demonstrate meaning is a central part of this approach. This helps students connect words and phrases to concrete concepts.

How it Works in the Classroom

Imagine a classroom where the teacher uses commands like “Sit down,” or “Open your book” in the target language, while simultaneously performing the actions. Students observe and gradually begin to understand the meaning of the words through the actions.

Here’s a breakdown:

Start with the familiar: Use objects and actions that students already understand.
Combine language and action: Link commands and phrases to physical actions.
Create sequences: String together commands to create more complex interactions.
Encourage a Silent Period: Don’t force students to speak immediately.
Student Teaching: Have students who are further along help mentor newer students.

Benefits of the Comprehension Approach

Builds Confidence: By focusing on understanding before production, students gain confidence in their ability to learn the language.
Reduces Anxiety: The relaxed atmosphere and emphasis on comprehension lowers the “affective filter,” making learning more enjoyable.
Mirrors Natural Language Acquisition: Mimicking the way children learn their first language can be highly effective.
Strong Foundation: By prioritizing comprehension, students develop a solid base for future language production.

The Comprehension Approach offers a valuable perspective on language teaching, reminding us that understanding is the foundation upon which fluency is built.

You’re a smart Banana! *sticks gold star on your forehead*