The cognitive approach revolutionized how we understand language learning by applying scientific principles from psychology and sociology. Instead of just looking at observable behaviors, cognitive scientists sought to understand the mental processes involved in language acquisition.
The Mind as a Computer: An Imperfect, But Useful Metaphor
One popular idea was to view the mind as a computer. This metaphor, while not perfect, helped researchers explore questions like:
- Why do language learners make errors?
- What mental processes cause these errors?
- How do certain language processes become automatic?
Noam Chomsky pointed out that people can create entirely new sentences, something that behaviorist theories couldn’t explain. This inspired linguists to analyze language scientifically, leading to breakthroughs in understanding language rules and functions.
Understanding Errors: Consistency and Strategies
By analyzing the types of errors learners make, cognitive scientists aim to understand which errors are common, which are resistant to change, and how to address them.
While teaching explicit grammar rules isn’t always the most engaging method, understanding the cognitive processes behind language learning can inform effective teaching strategies. Principles like retrieval, semantic encoding, retention, and transfer can provide insights into how people learn best.
A Window into Learning Strategies
The cognitive approach isn’t a direct teaching method, but rather a framework for understanding the learner. Cognitive studies continue to help us understand key aspects of language learning strategies. By understanding these strategies, instructors can better facilitate language acquisition.
You’re a smart Banana! *sticks gold star on your forehead*
Teacher Lizzy 
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